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ナスダック、純利益上場基準に基づく流動性要件の引き上げを提案

202593日、ナスダックは、ナスダック・キャピタル・マーケットおよびナスダック・グローバル・マーケットの流動性上場基準を改正する案を提案しました。この改正案では、純利益基準で上場する企業に求められる**「未制限公開株式時価総額(MVUPHS)」**の最低要件を5百万ドルから1,500万ドルに引き上げることが含まれています。これは、4月に行われた規則改正(MVUPHSIPOによる調達金額のみで満たすことができ、再販用に登録された株式は計上できなくなることを規定)に続くものです(参考:HERE)。今回の提案により、小型株企業がナスダックIPOを実施することはさらに難しくなるとともに、純利益基準を利用して上場することの唯一の実質的な利点や区別が失われることになります。

背景

ナスダックに上場するには、企業は(a) 一定の初期定量的・定性的な要件、および(b) 一定の継続的定量的・定性的な要件を満たす必要があります。新規上場における定量的な上場基準は、通常、継続上場における基準よりも高く設定されており、上場前に企業が十分な成熟度に達していることを保証するのに役立ちます。  

ナスダックの各階層では、企業が満たすべき上場基準として、自己資本基準、上場証券の時価基準、純利益基準の3つの異なる基準が設けられています。ナスダックはこれらの上場基準を策定するにあたり、営業実績のある企業、上場証券の時価総額が高い企業、あるいは純利益を生み出している企業には、異なる基準に基づいて資本市場へのアクセス機会を与えるべきだと判断したと考えられます。このブログの最後に、ナスダック・キャピタル・マーケッツの定量的な上場基準の表を掲載しました。  

ナスダック・グローバル・マーケットに新規上場するには、企業は以下の最低MVUPHS(未制限公開株式時価総額)要件を満たす必要があります。純利益基準では8百万ドル、自己資本基準では18百万ドル、上場証券の時価総額基準または総資産/総収益基準のいずれかでは20百万ドルです。一方、ナスダック・キャピタル・マーケットに新規上場する場合、企業は純利益基準で5百万ドル、自己資本基準または上場証券の時価総額基準のいずれかで15百万ドルのMVUPHSを満たす必要があります。MVUPHS基準の設定にあたり、ナスダックの目的は、十分な流動性を確保し、価格発見や活発な取引を可能にすることにあります。  

規則改正

ナスダックは、純利益基準に基づいて上場を目指す企業に対し、ナスダック・グローバル・マーケットおよびナスダック・キャピタル・マーケットのMVUPHS1,500万ドルに引き上げるため、規則5405および5505の改正を提案しています。

予想通り、4月に実施された規則改正により、再販登録された株式をMVUPHSの一部として計上できなくなったことを受けて、ナスダックでは純利益基準に基づいて上場を目指す企業が増加しています。ナスダックの規則発表では、「ナスダック・キャピタル・マーケットおよびグローバル・マーケットで、それぞれMVUPHSがわずか500万ドルまたは800万ドルの企業が、価格発見を支える取引を行わない可能性があることを懸念している」と示されています。さらに、初回上場基準の設定理由にかかわらず、ナスダックは現在、「企業が最低限の純利益を有するという理由だけで、自己資本や時価総額に比べて著しく低い流動性基準を求めることは適切ではない」と考えています。

ナスダックは、この件に関して他の説明や議論を行っておらず、今回の規則改正が実質的に純利益基準による上場をなくすことになるという点も認めていません  

現行の上場基準

ナスダック・キャピタル・マーケットの定量的上場基準:

要件 自己資本基   上場証券の時価総額基準 純利益基準
上場規則 5505(a) および

5505(b)(1)

5505(a) および

5505(b)(2)

5505(a) および

5505(b)(3)

株主資本  500万ドル 400万ドル  400万ドル 
未制限公開株式の時価総額 ** 1,500万ドル 1,500万ドル  500万ドル 
営業実績 2年間 該当なし 該当なし
上場証券の時価総額 該当なし 5,000万ドル* 該当なし
継続事業からの純利益(直近事業年度または過去3事業年度のうち2年度) 該当なし 該当なし 75万ドル 
未制限公開株式 100万株 100万株 100万株
最低売値また

は終値 ***

4ドル

3ドル

4ドル

2ドル

4ドル

3ドル

コーポレートガバナンス あり  あり   あり  
未制限の単元株主 **** 300 300 300
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Nasdaq Proposes To Increase Liquidity Requirements Under Net Income Listing Standard

On September 3, 2025, Nasdaq proposed amendments to its liquidity listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market and Nasdaq Global Market to increase the minimum Market Value of Unrestricted Publicly Held Shares (“MVUPHS”) requirement for those companies listing under the net income standard from $5 million to $15 million.  This follows the April rule amendment requiring that MVUPHS can only be satisfied through IPO proceeds and that shares registered for resale may no longer be counted (see HERE).  In addition to making it more difficult for small cap companies to complete a Nasdaq IPO, the proposed rule would eliminate the only material distinction and benefit to listing using the net income standard.

Background

To list its securities on Nasdaq, a company is required to meet: (a) certain initial quantitative and qualitative requirements and (b) certain continuing quantitative and qualitative requirements.  The quantitative listing thresholds for initial listing are generally higher than for continued listing, thus helping to

Court Overrules Nasdaq Board Diversity Rule

The court has come to the rescue once again!  On December 11, 2024, the 5th Circuit held that the SEC exceeded its authority in approving Nasdaq’s board diversity rule finding the rule was far removed from the purposes of the Securities Exchange Act’s regulatory regime.  Rumor has it that the Nasdaq does not intend to appeal, meaning the board diversity rule may be DOA.

Background

On August 6, 2021, the SEC approved Nasdaq’s board diversity listing standards proposal adding new listing Rule 5606(a) (see HERE).

Nasdaq Rule 5606(a) requires Nasdaq listed companies to publicly disclose, in an aggregated form, to the extent permitted by law (for example, some foreign countries may prohibit such disclosure), information on the voluntary self-identified gender and racial characteristics and LGBTQ+ status of the company’s board of directors as part of the ongoing corporate governance listing requirements.  Each company must provide an annual Board Diversity Matrix disclosure, including: (i) the total number of directors;

Nasdaq Amends Bid Price Compliance Rules to Accelerate Delisting Process

On October 7, 2024 the SEC approved amendments to Nasdaq Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) to allow for an accelerated delisting process where a listed company uses a reverse split to regain compliance with the bid price requirement for continued listing, but that as a result of the reverse split, the company falls below other listing standards, such as the minimum number of round lot holders, or minimum number of shares in the publicly held float.  This new rule is separate from another pending rule change that would accelerate the delisting process for companies that fail to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirements following a second compliance period and for securities that have had a reverse stock split over the prior one-year period.

These rule changes follow other recent rule changes meant to reduce the number of ultra micro-cap companies trading on the national exchange and tighten up compliance for those that do meet the standards.  In March 2024, Nasdaq amended

NASDAQ Amends Rules For Waivers To Code Of Conduct

On September 5, 2023, Nasdaq adopted amendments to Listing Rule 5610 and IM-5610 requiring listed companies to maintain a code of conduct and to disclose certain waivers.  This is also a good time to discuss the code of conduct/code of ethics requirements applicable to all companies subject to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) reporting requirements.

Code of Conduct/Code of Ethics

Section 406(c) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”) requires all companies that are subject to the Exchange Act reporting requirements to disclose whether they have adopted a code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions.  If the company has not adopted such a code, it must explain why it has not done so.

SOX defines a code of ethics as written standards reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote: (i) honest and ethical conduct including related to conflicts of

Nasdaq Listing Deficiencies And Delisting – Part 3

As 2022 and 2023 have continued to be extremely tough years for the capital markets many small cap companies find themselves failing to maintain the minimum continued listing requirements.  I’ve recently written about those continued listing requirements, see HERE, and Nasdaq’s proposed rule changes for reverse split notifications as companies struggle to maintain the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement, see HERE.

These blogs provide a perfect segue for a deep dive into the Nasdaq deficiency notice and delisting process.  In this first blog in the series, I provided an overview of deficiencies, deficiency notices, cure periods and compliance plans – see HERE.  In Part 2, I reviewed the hearing panel process – see HERE.  In this Part 3, I will review the appeals to the Nasdaq Listing and Hearing Review Council and delisting.  I note that the Nasdaq rules also contain administrative rules regarding the conduct of adjudicators and advisors and the adjudication process, which

Nasdaq Listing Deficiencies And Delisting– Part 2

As 2022 and 2023 have continued to be extremely tough years for the capital markets many small cap companies find themselves failing to maintain the minimum continued listing requirements.  I’ve recently written about those continued listing requirements, see HERE, and Nasdaq’s proposed rule changes for reverse split notifications as companies struggle to maintain the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement, see HERE.

These blogs provide a perfect segue for a deep dive into the Nasdaq deficiency notice and delisting process.  In this first blog in the series, I provided an overview of deficiencies, deficiency notices, cure periods and compliance plans – see HERE.  In this Part 2, I will review the hearing panel process followed by appeals and ultimately delisting.

Review of Deficiency Determinations by Hearing Panel

As noted in Part 1 of this series, Nasdaq deficiency notifications are one of four types:

  • Staff delisting determinations, which are notifications of deficiencies that, unless appealed, subject the Company to
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Nasdaq Listing Deficiencies And Delisting – Part 1

As 2022 and 2023 have continued to be extremely tough years for the capital markets, many small-cap companies find themselves failing to maintain the minimum continued listing requirements.  I’ve recently written about those continued listing requirements – see HERE – and Nasdaq’s proposed rule changes for reverse split notifications as companies struggle to maintain the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement – see HERE.

These blogs provide a perfect segue for a deep dive into the Nasdaq deficiency notice and delisting process.  In this first blog in the series, I provide an overview of deficiencies, deficiency notices, cure periods and compliance plans.  In the Part 2, I will review the hearing panel process followed by appeals and ultimately delisting.

Overview – Deficiency Notices

When the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department determines that a company does not meet a listing standard, it will immediately notify the company of the deficiency.  The notification will come in letter format, literally within a day

NASDAQ Continued Listing Requirements

Although I often write about initial listing standards, I realized that I have not yet blogged about the reduced ongoing listing standards for national exchanges.  In this blog, I will cover the continued listing requirements for Nasdaq listed companies and in next week’s blog I will cover the NYSE/NYSE MKT. For a review of initial listing requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Markets and NYSE MKT see HERE.

Nasdaq Capital Markets

To continue listing on Nasdaq Capital Markets, a company is required to meet certain ongoing quantitative and qualitative requirements.  NASDAQ also requires listed companies to meet stringent corporate governance standards.

In order to continue listing on Nasdaq Capital Markets a company must meet all of the following requirements: (i) at least 2 market makers; (ii) a $1 minimum bid price; (iii) at least 300 unrestricted round lot public shareholders; (iv) at least 500,000 publicly held shares; and (v) a market value of publicly held shares of at least $1

Nasdaq Board Diversity Matrix In Practice

Although the compliance deadline for the requirement to add diverse directors was extended, the board diversity matrix disclosure form (“Board Diversity Matrix”) requirement is now in its second year.

Nasdaq Rule 5606(a) requires Nasdaq listed companies to publicly disclose, in an aggregated form, to the extent permitted by law (for example, some foreign countries may prohibit such disclosure), information on the voluntary self-identified gender and racial characteristics and LGBTQ+ status of the company’s board of directors as part of the ongoing corporate governance listing requirements.  Each company must provide an annual Board Diversity Matrix disclosure, including: (i) the total number of directors; (ii) the number of directors based on gender identity (female, male or non-binary); (iii) the number of directors that did not disclose gender; (iv) the number of directors based on race and ethnicity; (v) the number of directors who self-identify as LGBTQ+; and (vi) the number of directors who did not disclose a demographic background.

Compliance Deadlines For Nasdaq Board Diversity Rules

On August 6, 2021, the SEC approved Nasdaq’s board diversity listing standards proposal.  Nasdaq Rule 5605(f) requires Nasdaq listed companies, subject to certain exceptions, to: (i) to have at least one director who self-identifies as a female, and (ii) have at least one director who self-identifies as Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Asian, Native American or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, two or more races or ethnicities, or as LGBTQ+, or (iii) explain why the company does not have at least two directors on its board who self-identify in the categories listed above.  The rule changes also made headlines in most major publications.  One of the most common themes in the press was the lack of inclusion of people with disabilities in the definition of an “underrepresented minority” for purposes of complying with the new rules.

The original rules had tiered compliance deadlines which Nasdaq (and practitioners) found confusing and unnecessarily complicated.  On December 14,

Cannabis Trade Association Makes Plea For National Exchange Listings

The American Trade Association for Cannabis and Hemp (ATACH) has published a policy paper urging the Nasdaq and New York Stock Exchange to allow U.S. cannabis operators that “touch the plant” to list on their respective Exchanges.  The current prohibition to listing is purely discretionary and not because of any regulatory action by the SEC or any other U.S. regulatory authority.  The policy paper, published November 7, 2022, outlines very convincing arguments for allowing U.S. operators to list on the National Exchanges.

The policy paper notes that up until now, the National Exchanges have refused to list these companies while cannabis remains federally illegal out of concerns that they could be charged with aiding and abetting violations of the U.S. Controlled Substances Act (“CSA”) or with money laundering by the receipt of listing fees.  As of the time of the publication of the policy paper, cannabis is legal in 37 states, D.C. and U.S. territories.  The ATACH rightfully asserts that

Update On Nasdaq And NYSE Direct Listings

The rules related to direct listings continue to evolve as this method of going public continues to gain in popularity.  The last time I wrote about direct listings was in September 2020, shortly after the SEC approved, then stayed its approval, of the NYSE’s direct listing rules that allow companies to sell newly issued primary shares on its own behalf into the opening trade in a direct listing process (see HERE). Since that time, both the NYSE and Nasdaq proposed rules to allow for a direct listing with a capital raise have been approved by the SEC.

The Nasdaq Stock Market  has three tiers of listed companies: (1) The Nasdaq Global Select Market, (2) The Nasdaq Global Market, and (3) The Nasdaq Capital Market.  Each tier has increasingly higher listing standards, with the Nasdaq Global Select Market having the highest initial listing standards and the Nasdaq Capital Markets being the entry-level tier for most micro- and small-cap issuers. 

Public Market Listing Standards

One of the bankers that I work with often once asked me if I had written a blog with a side-by-side comparison of listing on Nasdaq vs. the OTC Markets and I realized I had not, so it went on the list and with the implementation of the new 15c2-11 rules, now seems a very good time to tackle the project.  I’ve added NYSE American to the list as well.

Quantitative and Liquidity Listing Standards

Nasdaq Capital Markets

To list its securities on Nasdaq Capital Markets, a company is required to meet: (a) certain initial quantitative and qualitative requirements and (b) certain continuing quantitative and qualitative requirements.  The quantitative listing thresholds for initial listing are generally higher than for continued listing, thus helping to ensure that companies have reached a sufficient level of maturity prior to listing.  NASDAQ also requires listed companies to meet stringent corporate governance standards.

Requirements Equity Standard  Market Value of

Listed Securities

Standard

Net
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SEC Approves Nasdaq Board Diversity Rule

On August 6, 2021, the SEC approved Nasdaq’s board diversity listing standards proposal.  Not surprisingly, the approval vote was divided with Commissioner Hester Peirce dissenting and Commissioner Elad Roisman dissenting in part.  On the same day as the approval, Chair Gary Gensler and Commissioners Peirce, Roisman and Allison Herren Lee and Caroline Crenshaw issued statements on the new Rules.

As more fully explained below, new Nasdaq Rule 5605(f) requires Nasdaq listed companies, subject to certain exceptions, to: (i) to have at least one director who self identifies as a female, and (ii) have at least one director who self-identifies as Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Asian, Native American or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, two or more races or ethnicities, or as LGBTQ+, or (iii) explain why the company does not have at least two directors on its board who self-identify in the categories listed above.  The rule changes also made headlines in most major

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