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SEC、提出者ステータスの判定に関するCD&Iを公表

2025年8月27日、米国証券取引委員会(SEC)は、新たなコンプライアンスおよび情報開示に関する解釈指針(CD&I)を公表しました。本CD&Iは、発行体がスモーラー・レポーティング・カンパニー(小規模報告会社)の資格を喪失した後、いつアクセラレーテッド・ファイラーまたはラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーに該当するようになるかについての判断基準を示すものです。

新しいCD&I

新たに追加されたCD&I質問130.05では、次のように示されています。

質問: ある発行体は、規則12b-2に定義される「スモーラー・レポーティング・カンパニー(小規模報告会社)」のうち、パラグラフ(2)または(3)(iii)(B)の収益テストに基づき、小規模報告会社として扱われています。2025年度第2四半期の最終営業日に、当該発行体は毎年実施している小規模報告会社ステータスの判定を行い、その結果、もはや小規模報告会社の要件を満たしていないと判断しました。この場合、発行体が2025年度末にアクセラレーテッド・ファイラーまたはラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーのステータスを評価する際、当該発行体はアクセラレーテッド・ファイラーまたはラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーに該当することになりますか?

回答: いいえ。発行体が会計年度末時点でアクセラレーテッド・ファイラーまたはラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーに該当するかを判断する際には、他の要件とともに、規則12b-2に定義される「スモーラー・レポーティング・カンパニー(小規模報告会社)」のパラグラフ(2)または(3)(iii)(B)に定める収益テストの下で、「小規模報告会社としての要件を利用できるかどうか」を評価する必要があります。該当する定義は、規則12b-2における「アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー」のパラグラフ(1)(iv)および「ラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー」のパラグラフ(2)(iv)に記載されています。このケースでは、発行体は2025年度末まで、そして2026年度第1四半期のForm 10-Qの提出時までは、小規模報告会社としての要件を引き続き利用することができます(規則12b-2における「スモーラー・レポーティング・カンパニー」の定義のパラグラフ(3)(i)(C)を参照)。したがって、発行体は2025年度末時点では、「アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー」のパラグラフ(1)(iv)または「ラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー」のパラグラフ(2)(iv)の条件を満たしません。このため、発行体は2026年度に提出期限を迎える書類についてはノン・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーとして扱われ、2026年度第1四半期のForm 10-Qからは小規模報告会社の要件を利用できなくなります。

提出者ステータスに関する詳細情報

SECの開示要件は、企業規模に応じて段階的に設定されています。SECは2002年に企業をノン・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー、アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー、ラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーの3区分に分類し、2007年にはこれらの企業に対して規制負担を軽減する目的で「スモーラー・レポーティング・カンパニー(小規模報告会社)」という区分を導入しました。スモーラー・レポーティング・カンパニー、アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー、ラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーは、それぞれ定期報告書の提出期限が異なります。さらに、2012年には「エマージング・グロース・カンパニー(新興成長企業:EGC)」という新たな区分が導入され、小規模報告会社と同様に開示要件が緩和されています。ただし、EGCの定義には提出期限が含まれていないため、EGCは自社のファイラー区分(小規模報告会社、アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー、ラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー)を判断し、提出期限を特定する必要があります。

アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーおよびラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーは、SOX法(サーベンス・オクスリー法)第404条(b)の要件に基づき、独立監査人による経営陣の財務報告に係る内部統制(ICFR)の評価に関する証明および報告を受けることが義務付けられています。一方、ノン・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーは第404条(b)の要件の対象外です。SOX法第404条(a)では、SEC報告義務のあるすべての企業が、規模や区分にかかわらず、財務報告に係る内部統制(ICFR)を確立・維持し、その有効性を経営陣が評価するとともに、当該評価に関するCEOおよびCFOの証明書を提出することが求められています。CEOおよびCFOの証明に関する詳細は、以下の記事をご参照ください:https://securities-law-blog.com/2014/08/26/ceo-cfo-certifications-forms-10-q-10-k/ .

「スモーラー・レポーティング・カンパニー(Smaller Reporting Company、略称SRC)」とは、以下のいずれかの条件を満たす企業を指します。(i) 公開持株額(パブリック・フロート)が2億5,000万ドル未満の企業、または(ii) 年間売上高が1億ドル未満で、かつ (x) 公開持株額がない、または (y) 公開持株額が7億ドル未満の企業です。公開持株額は、企業の会計年度第2四半期の最終営業日時点で算定され、年間売上高は、監査済み財務諸表が入手可能な直近の会計年度末日時点で判断されます。SRCステータスおよび2018年6月時点の段階的開示要件の一覧表などの詳細については、以下をご参照ください:https://securities-law-blog.com/2018/07/17/sec-amends-definition-of-a-smaller-reporting-company/?hilite=smaller+reporting.

「アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー(Accelerated Filer)」とは、以下の条件を満たす企業を指します。(i) 直近で完了した第2会計四半期の最終営業日時点において、非関係者が保有する議決権付きおよび議決権なし普通株式の世界全体での市場価値の合計が7,500万ドル以上7億ドル未満であること。(ii) 少なくとも過去12か月間、証券取引法(Exchange Act)の報告義務の対象であること。(iii) 証券取引法に基づく年次報告書を少なくとも1回提出していること。(iv) 売上高テストに基づくスモーラー・レポーティング・カンパニー(SRC)の要件を満たしていないこと(すなわち、年間売上高が1億ドル未満ではないこと)。

「ラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラー(Large Accelerated Filer)」とは、以下の条件を満たす企業を指します。(i) 直近で完了した第2会計四半期の最終営業日時点において、非関係者が保有する議決権付きおよび議決権なし普通株式の世界全体での市場価値の合計が7億ドル以上であること。(ii) 少なくとも過去12か月間、証券取引法の報告義務の対象であること。(iii) 証券取引法に基づく年次報告書を少なくとも1回提出していること。(iv) 売上高テストに基づくスモーラー・レポーティング・カンパニー(SRC)の要件を満たしていないこと(すなわち、年間売上高が1億ドル未満ではないこと)。

アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーおよびラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーのステータス判定方法(該当区分への移行および該当区分からの除外を含む)に関する詳細については、以下をご参照ください:https://securities-law-blog.com/2020/07/14/sec-adopts-amendments-to-accelerated-and-large-accelerated-filer-definitions/?hilite=large+accelerated.

「エマージング・グロース・カンパニー(Emerging Growth Company、略称EGC)」とは、直近で完了した会計年度における年間総売上高が12億3,500万ドル未満の企業を指します。EGCは、以下のいずれかが先に発生した時点でそのステータスを失います。(i) 年間売上高が12億3,500万ドルを超えた会計年度の最終日。(ii) IPO後5年目の会計年度の最終日(例:発行会社の会計年度末が12月31日であり、2025年11月2日に有効な登録届出書に基づき株式を販売した場合、2030年12月31日にEGCステータスを喪失)。(iii) 直近3年間で10億ドルを超える非転換社債を発行した日。(iv) ラージ・アクセラレーテッド・ファイラーとなった日。EGCに関する詳細は以下をご参照ください:https://securities-law-blog.com/2017/11/07/emerging-growth-companies-will-start-grow/?hilite=emerging+growth.

著者

ローラ・アンソニー弁護士

設立パートナー

アンソニー、リンダー&カコマノリス

企業法務および証券法務事務所

LAnthony@ALClaw.com

証券弁護士ローラ・アンソニー氏とその経験豊富な法律チームは、中小規模の非公開企業、上場企業、そして上場予定の非公開企業に対して継続的な企業顧問サービスを提供しています。ナスダックNYSEアメリカン、または店頭市場(例えばOTCQBOTCQX)で上場を目指す企業も対象です。20年以上にわたり、Anthony, Linder & Cacomanolis, PLLC(ALC)は、迅速でパーソナライズされた最先端の法的サービスをクライアントに提供してきました。当事務所の評判と人脈は、投資銀行、証券会社、機関投資家、その他の戦略的提携先への紹介など、クライアントにとって非常に貴重なリソースとなっています。当事務所の専門分野には、1933年証券法の募集・販売および登録要件の遵守(レギュレーションDおよびレギュレーションSに基づく私募取引、PIPE取引、証券トークン・オファリング、イニシャル・コイン・オファリングを含む)が含まれますが、これに限定されません。規制A/A+オファリング、S-1、S-3、S-8フォームの登録申請、S-4フォームによる合併登録、1934年証券取引法の遵守(フォーム10による登録、フォーム10-Q、10-K、8-Kおよび14C情報・14A委任状報告書)、あらゆる形態の株式公開取引、合併・買収(リバースマージャーおよびフォワードマージャーを含む)、ナスダックNYSEアメリカンを含む証券取引所のコーポレートガバナンス要件への申請および遵守、一般企業取引、一般契約および事業取引が含まれます。アンソニー氏と当事務所は、合併・買収取引において、買収対象企業と買収企業の双方を代理し、合併契約、株式交換契約、株式購入契約、資産購入契約、組織再編契約などの取引文書を作成します。ALC法務チームは、公開企業が連邦および州の証券法やSROs要件に準拠することを支援しており、15c2-11申請、社名変更、リバース・フォワードスプリット、本拠地変更などにも対応しています。アンソニー氏はまた、中堅・中小企業向けの業界ニュースのトップ情報源であるSecuritiesLawBlog.comの著者であり、企業財務に特化したポッドキャスト『LawCast.com: Corporate Finance in Focus』のプロデューサー兼ホストでもあります。当事務所は、ニューヨーク、ロサンゼルス、マイアミ、ボカラトン、ウェストパームビーチ、アトランタ、フェニックス、スコッツデール、シャーロット、シンシナティ、クリーブランド、ワシントンD.C.、デンバー、タンパ、デトロイト、ダラスなど、多くの主要都市でクライアントを代理しています。

アンソニー氏は、Crowdfunding Professional Association(CfPA)、パームビーチ郡弁護士会、フロリダ州弁護士会、アメリカ弁護士会(ABA)および連邦証券規制やプライベート・エクイティ・ベンチャーキャピタルに関するABA委員会など、さまざまな専門団体のメンバーです。パームビーチ郡およびマーティン郡のアメリカ赤十字社、スーザン・コーメン財団、オポチュニティ社(Opportunity, Inc.)、ニュー・ホープ・チャリティーズ、フォー・アーツ協会(Society of the Four Arts)、ノートン美術館、パームビーチ郡動物園協会、クラヴィス・パフォーミング・アーツ・センターなど、複数の地域社会慈善団体を支援しています。

アンソニー氏はフロリダ州立大学ロースクールを優秀な成績で卒業しており、1993年から弁護士として活動しています。

Anthony, Linder & Cacomanolis, PLLC にお問い合わせください。技術的な内容に関するご質問もいつでも歓迎いたします。

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SEC Publishes CD&I On Filer Status Determination

On August 27, 2025, the SEC published a new compliance and disclosure interpretation (CD&I) providing guidance on when an issuer may become an accelerated or large accelerated filer after losing its status as a smaller reporting company.

New CD&I

New CD&I question 130.05 provides:

Question: An issuer is a smaller reporting company under the revenue test in paragraph (2) or (3)(iii)(B) of the “smaller reporting company” definition in Rule 12b-2. On the last business day of its second fiscal quarter of 2025, the issuer conducts its annual determination of smaller reporting company status and determines that it no longer qualifies as a smaller reporting company. When the issuer assesses its accelerated filer or large accelerated filer status, as of the end of fiscal year 2025, will this issuer become an accelerated filer or large accelerated filer?

Answer: No. When determining its accelerated filer or large accelerated filer status as of the end of its fiscal year, the issuer must

NASDAQ Amends Rules For Waivers To Code Of Conduct

On September 5, 2023, Nasdaq adopted amendments to Listing Rule 5610 and IM-5610 requiring listed companies to maintain a code of conduct and to disclose certain waivers.  This is also a good time to discuss the code of conduct/code of ethics requirements applicable to all companies subject to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) reporting requirements.

Code of Conduct/Code of Ethics

Section 406(c) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”) requires all companies that are subject to the Exchange Act reporting requirements to disclose whether they have adopted a code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions.  If the company has not adopted such a code, it must explain why it has not done so.

SOX defines a code of ethics as written standards reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote: (i) honest and ethical conduct including related to conflicts of

Final Rules On The Foreign Companies Accountable Act; PCAOB Reached Deal WIth China And Hong Kong – Part III

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCA”) was adopted on December 18, 2020, requiring both the SEC and the PCAOB to adopt rules and procedures implementing its provisions.  The HFCA requires foreign-owned issuers to certify that the PCAOB has been able to audit specified reports and inspect their audit firm within the last three years.  If the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company’s public accounting firm for three consecutive years, the company’s securities are banned from trading on a national exchange.

As part of the HFCA’s implementation, on November 5, 2021, the SEC approved PCAOB Rule 6100 establishing a framework for the PCAOB’s determination that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in foreign jurisdictions because of a position taken by an authority in that jurisdiction (see HERE) On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA (see HERE) and

SEC Affirms PCAOB Rules Implementing The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act

On November 5, 2021, as part of the implementation of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCA”), the SEC approved PCAOB Rule 6100.  Rule 6100 establishes a framework for the PCAOB’s determination that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in foreign jurisdictions because of a position taken by an authority in that jurisdiction.   The HFCA was adopted on December 18, 2020 and requires foreign-owned issuers to certify that the PCAOB has been able to audit specified reports and inspect their audit firm within the last three years.  If the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company’s public accounting firm for three consecutive years, the company’s securities are banned from trading on a national exchange.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”) mandates that the PCAOB inspect registered public accounting firms in both the United States and in foreign jurisdictions and investigate potential statutory, rule, and professional standards violations committed by such firms and

SEC Re-Visits Executive Compensation Clawback Rules

As expected, on October 14, 2021, the SEC re-opened the comment period on proposed rules on listing standards for the recovery of erroneously awarded executive compensation (“Clawback Rules”).  The Clawback Rules would implement Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Act and require that national securities exchanges require disclosure of policies regarding and mandating clawback of compensation under certain circumstances as a listing qualification. The proposed rules were first published in July 2015 (see HERE) and have moved around on the SEC semiannual regulatory agenda from proposed to long-term and back again for years, but finally seem to be moving forward.  Although the proposed rule remains unchanged from the July 2015 version, the SEC has added a few questions for comment in its re-opening release.

Background

There are currently existing rules which require the recovery of executive compensation and disclosure of such policies.  In particular, Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”) requires the CEO and CFO to reimburse

SEC Adopts Amendments To Accelerated And Large Accelerated Filer Definitions

In March, 2020 the SEC adopted amendments to the definitions of an “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer.”  The amendments were adopted largely as proposed in May 2019 (see HERE).

A company that is classified as an accelerated or large accelerated filer is subject to, among other things, the requirement that its outside auditor attest to, and report on, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) as required by Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX).  The JOBS Act exempted emerging growth companies (EGCs) from this requirement.  Moreover, historically the definition of a smaller reporting company (SRC) was set such that an SRC could never be an accelerated or large accelerated filer, and as such would never be subject to Section 404(b) of SOX.

In June 2018, the SEC amended the definition of an SRC to include companies with less than a $250 million public float (increased

Division of Enforcement 2019 Annual Report

As my firm does not practice in the enforcement arena, it is not an area I always write about, but this year I found a few trends that are interesting.  In particular, just by following published enforcement matters on the SEC’s website, I’ve noticed a large uptick in actions to suspend the trading in, or otherwise take action against, micro- and small-cap companies, especially delinquent filers.  I’ve also noticed a large uptick of actions against smaller public and private companies that use misleading means to raise capital from retail investors, and the concurrent use of unlicensed broker-dealers.  Of course, there have always been a significant number of actions involving cryptocurrencies. In light of my own observations, I decided to review and report on the SEC’s view of its actions.

As an aside, before discussing the report, I note that the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has raised concerns about the quality of record keeping and documentation maintained by the

SEC Issues Additional C&DI On Use Of Non-GAAP Measures

On April 4, 2018, the SEC issued two new Compliance & Disclosure Interpretations (C&DI) related to the use of non-GAAP financial measures by public companies in connection with business combinations. The two new C&DI follow two other C&DI which were issued on October 17, 2017 (see HERE).

The SEC permits companies to present non-GAAP financial measures in their public disclosures subject to compliance with Regulation G and Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K. Regulation G and Item 10(e) require reconciliation to comparable GAAP numbers, the reasons for presenting the non-GAAP numbers, and govern the presentation format itself including requiring equal or greater prominence to the GAAP financial information.

My prior two-part blog series on non-GAAP financial measures, Regulation G and Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K can be read HERE  and HERE.

GAAP continues to be and has consistently been criticized by the marketplace in general, with many institutional investors publicly denouncing the usefulness of the accounting standard. Approximately

The Division of Corporation Finance’s Disclosure Review And Comment Process

Those that regularly read my blog know that I sometimes like to go back to basics. This blog will revisit and discuss the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance (“CorpFin”) comment and review process. Back in March 2016, I wrote about the SEC comment and review process, including a description of the internal review process, review levels and breakup of industry sector reviewers. That blog can be read HERE.  Since that time, the SEC has eliminated the Tandy Letter requirement. See HERE. Furthermore, on March 22, 2018, CorpFin updated its “Filing Review Process” page on the SEC website.

At the end of each calendar year, the big four accounting firms generally publish studies on CorpFin’s Comment Priorities. Their studies, and other recent publications, uniformly found that the number of comments, especially in a registration process, has dramatically declined.  I have noticed this trend as well in my practice.

Also consistent in reports is a list of recent

SEC Chair Jay Clayton Discusses Direction Of SEC

In a much talked about speech to the Economic Club of New York on July 12, 2017, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton set forth his thoughts on SEC policy, including a list of guiding principles for his tenure. Chair Clayton’s underlying theme is the furtherance of opportunities and protection of Main Street investors, a welcome viewpoint from the securities markets’ top regulator. This was Chair Clayton’s first public speech in his new role and follows Commissioner Michael Piwowar’s recent remarks to the SEC-NYU Dialogue on Securities Market Regulation largely related to the U.S. IPO market. For a summary of Commissioner Piwowar’s speech, read HERE.

Guiding Principles

Chair Clayton outlined a list of eight guiding principles for the SEC.

#1: The SEC’s Mission is its touchstone

As described by Chair Clayton, the SEC has a three part mission: (i) to protect investors; (ii) to maintain fair, orderly and efficient markets, and (iii) to facilitate capital formation. Chair Clayton stresses that it

SEC Completes Inflation Adjustment To Civil Penalties

The SEC has completed the first annual adjustment for inflation of the maximum civil monetary penalties administered under the SEC. The inflation adjustment was mandated by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Improvements Act of 2015, which requires all federal agencies to make an annual adjustment to civil penalties.

The SEC adjusted civil penalties that can be imposed under the Securities Act of 1933, Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Investment Company Act of 1040, Investment Advisors Act of 1940 and Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 civil penalties are those imposed by the PCAOB in disciplinary proceedings against its accountant members.

The penalty increase applies to civil monetary penalties (“CMP”). A CMP is defined as “any penalty, fine, or other sanction that: (1) is for a specific amount, or has the maximum amount, as provided by federal law; and (2) is assessed or enforced by an agency in an administrative proceeding or by a federal court

The Stronger Enforcement Of Civil Penalties Act; A Push For Higher SEC Penalties

In July a Democratic senator and a Republican senator together introduced the Stronger Enforcement of Civil Penalties Act of 2015 (SEC Penalties Act), which would give the SEC the ability to levy much heftier penalties for securities fraud, and against recidivists.  The Act was referred to the Senate Baking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee for review and further action.  The proposed SEC Penalties Act would increase the limits on civil monetary penalties and directly link the size of the penalty to the scope of harm and associated investor losses, and substantially increase the penalties for repeat offenders.

Background:  A Trend Towards Increased Enforcement

The SEC Penalties Act continues a trend to deter securities law violations through regulations and stronger enforcement including the SEC Broken Windows policy, increased Dodd-Frank whistleblower activity and reward payments, and increased bad actor prohibitions.  See my prior blog on bad actor prohibitions HERE

The SEC Broken Windows policy is one in which the SEC is

Will the Disclosure Modernization and Simplification Act of 2014 Simplify Reporting Requirements for ECG’s and Smaller Reporting Companies?

ABA Journal’s 10th Annual Blawg 100

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In early December the House passed the Disclosure Modernization and Simplification Act of 2014, which will now go to the Senate for action—or inaction, as the case may be.

The bill joins a string of legislative and political pressure on the SEC to review and modernize Regulation S-K to eliminate burdensome, unnecessary disclosure with the dual purpose of reducing the costs to the disclosing issuer and ensure readable, material information for the investing public.

The Disclosure Modernization and Simplification Act of 2014, if passed, would require the SEC to adopt or amend rules to: (i) allow issuers to include a summary page to Form 10-K; and (ii) scale or eliminate duplicative, antiquated or unnecessary requirements in Regulation S-K.  In addition, the SEC would be required to conduct yet another study on all Regulation S-K disclosure requirements to determine how best to amend and modernize the rules to reduce costs and burdens while

CEO and CFO Certifications for Forms 10-Q and 10-K

ABA Journal’s 10th Annual Blawg 100

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A public company with a class of securities registered under Section 12 or which is subject to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) must file reports with the SEC.  The underlying basis of the reporting requirements is to keep shareholders and the markets informed on a regular basis in a transparent manner.   Reports filed with the SEC can be viewed by the public on the SEC EDGAR website.  The required reports include an annual Form 10-K, quarterly Form 10Q’s and current periodic Form 8-K as well as proxy reports and certain shareholder and affiliate reporting requirements.

These reports are signed by company officers and directors.  Moreover, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”) implemented a requirement that the company principal executive officer or officers and principal financial officer or officers execute certain personal certifications included with each Form 10-Q and 10-K.  Certifications are not required on a

Crowdfunding Act Signed Into Law

On April 5, 2012 President Obama signed the JOBS Act into law.  In accordance with the JOBS Act requirement that all crowdfunding platforms (i.e. websites and intermediaries)  be a member of a national securities association, the new self regulatory organization (SRO), The Crowdfunding Intermediary Regulatory Association (CFIRA) has already been formed.   The CFIRA will be charged with ensuring investor protection and market integrity.  The CFIRA will have members from crowdfunding investor intermediaries as well as related industries such as venture capital firms.  In addition to regulating its members, the CFIRA will provide investors with information such as learning about crowdfunding and its risks.

Opportunity For All Americans

Crowdfunding provides an opportunity for all Americans, whether accredited or not, and whether connected with an elite investment banking firm or not, to invest small amounts of money in small businesses that they know or just believe in.  Small businesses provide jobs and sometimes small businesses become big businesses.  For the first time

Public Company Compliance – Selecting An Auditor

The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) created the PCAOB, which is the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. All public company auditors must be PCAOB licensed and qualified. Prior to the enactment of SOX, the profession was self regulated and any CPA could audit a public company. On its website, the PCAOB describes itself as “[T]he PCAOB is a nonprofit corporation established by Congress to oversee the audits of public companies in order to protect investors and the public interest by promoting informative, accurate, and independent audit reports. The PCAOB also oversees the audits of broker-dealers, including compliance reports filed pursuant to federal securities laws, to promote investor protection.”

Not All PCAOB Auditors are Created Equal

Licensing and membership with the PCAOB has stringent requirements. In fact, shortly after the enactment of SOX the number of accounting firms that provide public company services declined dramatically. Being held to a higher standard isn’t for everyone. However, as time has passed, even

Analysis of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for Non-Accelerated Filers

On October 13, 2009, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) officially extended the date for non-accelerated filers to comply with Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) until their fiscal years ending on or after June 15, 2010. Since the adoption of the rules implementing Section 404(b) on June 5, 2003, the time period for compliance by non-accelerated filers has been extended several times. It is widely believed that this extension, for six additional months, will be the last. Companies other than non-accelerated filers are already subject to Section 404 compliance. Although “non-accelerated” filers are not specifically defined, such filers include small business entities.

Among other things, Section 404(b) of SOX requires companies to include in their annual reports filed with the SEC, an accompanying auditor’s attestation report, on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. In other words, reporting companies must employ their auditor to audit and attest upon their financial internal control process,

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Laura Anthony Esq

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